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古埃及公主們精通戰爭武器的射御之道

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1.媒體來源:

外媒 Sciencenews

2.記者署名:

Tom Metcalfe

3.完整新聞標題:

Ancient Egyptian princesses knew their way around weapons of war

古埃及公主們精通戰爭武器的射御之道

4.完整新聞內文:

Ancient Egyptian princesses knew their way around weapons of war

古埃及公主們精通戰爭武器的射御之道

Skeletons of mummified royal women indicate they used the daggers and bows buried with them

An dagger, found buried with an ancient Egyptian princess, has a elaborately decorated handle.

This dagger was buried with Princess Ita, probably a daughter of the pharaoh Amenemhat II, who lived almost 4,000 years ago. Examinations of the mummies of five royal women indicate they used the weapons interred with them.

Sameh Abdel Mohsen

By Tom Metcalfe

It seems some Egyptian royal women really were warrior princesses.

Examinations of almost 4,000-year-old mummified princesses suggest that they were skilled users of the daggers, bows and other weapons buried with them, researchers report July 17 in Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology.

從木乃伊化的王室女性遺骸中發現的骨骼表明，她們曾使用過與她們一同埋葬的匕首和弓箭。

與古埃及公主一同下葬的匕首，刀柄裝飾精美。

這把匕首與伊塔公主一同下葬，她很可能是法老阿蒙涅姆赫特二世的女兒，生活在近4000年前。對五位王室女性木乃伊的研究表明，她們生前都使用過與她們一同下葬的武器。

薩梅赫·阿卜杜勒·穆赫辛

作者：湯姆‧梅特卡夫

看來有些埃及王室女性確實是驍勇善戰的公主。

研究人員於 7 月 17 日在《環境考古學前沿》雜誌上發表報告稱，對近 4000 年前木乃伊化的公主們的檢查表明，她們熟練地使用了與她們一起埋葬的匕首、弓箭和其他武器。

“These princesses were active practitioners of hunting or athletic skills rather than merely symbolic owners of the weapons found in their tombs,”says bioarchaeologist Zeinab Hashesh of Egypt’s Beni Suef University. Some Egyptologists have dismissed armaments in females’ graves as “token”

objects for the afterlife, but characteristics of the female mummies showed they had performed intensive martial activities, Hashesh says.

The six mummies in the study were excavated in 1894 and 1895 from the Dahshur funerary complex, about 40 kilometers south of Cairo. Their tombs were

carefully cataloged, and included impact weapons like flails — jointed clubs— and maces. But the mummies were removed and then overlooked at an Egyptian museum; they were thought lost until their rediscovery in 2020.

「這些公主是狩獵或體育技能的積極實踐者，而不僅僅是墓葬中武器的象徵性擁有者，」埃及貝尼蘇韋夫大學的生物考古學家澤納布·哈什什說。一些埃及學家認為女性墓葬中的武器只是來世的「象徵性」物品，但哈什什表示，女性木乃伊的特徵顯示她們曾經進行過高強度的軍事活動。

這項研究中的六具木乃伊於1894年至1895年間在開羅以南約40公里的達舒爾陵墓群中被發掘。他們的墓葬都經過了仔細的編目，其中包含連枷（一種關節棍棒）和狼牙棒等打擊性武器。然而，這些木乃伊被移走後，在一家埃及博物館中被忽視；人們一度認為它們已經遺失，直到2020年才被重新發現。

Hashesh and her colleagues examined the mummies by measuring their bones to determine sex and age at death, and used X-rays and other techniques to

search the remains for signs of illness and trauma. Their investigations confirmed handwritten notes from the 19th century excavators at Dahshur.

The one male mummy was an obscure 13th Dynasty pharaoh, while three — Ita, Khenmet and Itaweret — were probably daughters of the 12th Dynasty pharaoh Amenemhat II, who ruled approximately between 1929 and 1895 B.C. One mummy had no notes, but the researchers tentatively identified it as that of

Sathathormeryt, a fourth sister to the three princesses. The other mummy was also a princess, but was not one of the sisters.

哈什什和她的同事們透過測量木乃伊的骨骼來確定其性別和死亡年齡，並利用X光和其他技術來尋找疾病和創傷的跡象。他們的研究證實了19世紀達舒爾考古發掘者的手寫記錄。

其中一具男性木乃伊是一位鮮為人知的第十三王朝法老，而另外三具木乃伊—伊塔、肯麥特和伊塔韋雷特—很可能是第十二王朝法老阿蒙涅姆赫特二世的女兒，阿蒙涅姆赫特二世的統治時期大約在公元前1929年至1895年之間。一具木乃伊沒有任何銘文，但研究人員初步認定它是薩塔索梅里特的，她是這三位公主的第四個姊妹。另一具木乃伊也是公主，但並非這三位姊妹之一。

All six mummies shared a rare cluster of inherited spinal defects, indicating they were related. The team hopes to carry out DNA studies in the future. But the researchers also saw clear evidence of “robust” muscle attachments —where connective tissue once joined the muscle and the bone — and some

telling skeletal developments. For instance, enlarged areas of the forearm bones indicated that Itaweret had often drawn bows.

Some of the women had healed from traumatic injuries, possibly sustained while training, hunting or in battle. “These princesses were not leading sedentary lives of luxury,” Hashesh says. “They were well-conditioned athletes whose bodies were hardened by the same skilled force and disciplined movement as the men of their time.”

Egyptologist Nicholas Brown, who was not involved in the study, says Egyptian princesses used bows in the royal ritual of shooting arrows in the four

cardinal directions — north, east, south and west — during the Sed festival of renewal. However, the evidence for the princesses’ use of weapons is

indirect, says Brown, of the University of Iowa in Iowa City. “The bones aren’t preserving the behavior directly, but the muscle attachments are clearly indicating some kind of habitual, repeated activity.”

這六具木乃伊都具有罕見的遺傳性脊椎缺陷，顯示它們之間存在親緣關係。研究團隊希望未來能進行DNA研究。此外，研究人員還發現了「強壯」的肌肉連結（即曾經連接肌肉和骨骼的結締組織）以及一些重要的骨骼發育特徵。例如，前臂骨骼的增大區域表示伊塔韋雷特生前經常拉弓。

有些女性曾遭受創傷，可能是在訓練、狩獵或戰鬥中受傷，但已經痊癒。 “這些公主並非過著安逸奢華的生活，”哈什什說，“她們都是訓練有素的運動員，她們的身體和當時的男性一樣，都是通過精湛的技藝和嚴格的訓練而變得強健的。”

未參與這項研究的埃及學家尼古拉斯·布朗表示，埃及公主在塞德節（Sed）期間，會使用弓箭向四個方位——東、南、西——射箭，這是一種皇家儀式。然而，布朗（愛荷華大學，位於愛荷華州愛荷華市）指出，公主使用武器的證據是間接的。「骨骼本身並沒有直接保存這種行為，但肌肉附著點清晰地表明存在某種習慣性的、重複性的活動。」

5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ancient-eg…

6.備註:

君子無所爭，必也射乎。揖讓而升，下而飲，其爭也君子。

順帶一提，她們老爸是真的搞定了努比亞大遠征，

搜刮金礦的阿蒙涅姆赫特二世（Amenemhet II）

真的被亞也子圍剿確實很難脫身就是